Table 2 Performance comparison of the OFBCNN. The results are measured by accuracy (%)/F1 score/AUC

EEGNet-2a-0

68.57/0.66/0.89

60.76/0.58/0.87

65.15/0.64/0.89

71.76/0.71/0.91

Shallow-2a-0

72.80/0.74/0.93

68.31/0.68/0.88

71.51/0.71/0.91

76.57/0.76/0.93

Deep-2a-0

71.42/0.72/0.91

65.14/0.64/0.87

68.27/0.67/0.89

75.53/0.75/0.93

ATCNet-2a-0

76.96/0.76/0.92

73.14/0.72/0.91

73.41/0.73/0.91

79.63/0.79/0.95

EEGNet-2a-4

61.68/0.58/0.84

54.49/0.52/0.82

59.23/0.57/0.85

63.40/0.62/0.88

Shallow-2a-4

65.44/0.67/0.87

62.58/0.62/0.84

67.65/0.67/0.88

69.97/0.69/0.90

Deep-2a-4

56.76/0.57/0.82

58.26/0.56/0.81

61.89/0.61/0.85

61.38/0.60/0.85

ATCNet-2a-4

71.75/0.71/0.89

66.97/0.66/0.87

68.40/0.68/0.88

76.19/0.76/0.93

EEGNet-HG-0

83.16/0.83/0.97

70.08/0.67/0.95

76.20/0.75/0.96

85.60/0.85/0.97

Shallow-HG-0

88.69/0.88/0.97

87.50/0.87/0.97

89.19/0.89/0.98

89.91/0.89/0.97

Deep-HG-0

89.68/0.89/0.98

80.88/0.80/0.96

83.94/0.83/0.97

91.90/0.91/0.99

ATCNet-HG-0

92.00/0.92/0.97

91.96/0.91/0.98

91.65/0.91/0.98

93.25/0.93/0.99

EEGNet-HG-4

79.11/0.72/0.95

64.85/0.62/0.93

71.29/0.70/0.94

80.18/0.79/0.96

Shallow-HG-4

87.15/0.86/0.97

84.38/0.84/0.96

86.76/0.80/0.98

87.51/0.87/0.98

Deep-HG-4

80.37/0.78/0.95

75.85/0.75/0.95

80.11/0.79/0.96

82.16/0.82/0.97

ATCNet-HG-4

88.03/0.88/0.96

89.24/0.89/0.98

89.19/0.89/0.98

91.56/0.91/0.98

EEGNet-BMI-4

89.22/0.89/0.89

87.22/0.88/0.87

91.94/0.91/0.91

91.11/0.91/0.91

Shallow-BMI-4

91.91/0.91/0.91

90.92/0.91/0.90

92.57/0.92/0.92

92.61/0.92/0.92

Deep-BMI-4

63.80/0.73/0.63

87.22/0.88/0.87

89.97/0.90/0.89

89.05/0.89/0.89

ATCNet-BMI-4

84.65/0.84/0.92

77.82/0.77/0.85

84.88/0.84/0.91

87.60/0.87/0.94

Average

78.15/0.77/0.90

74.87/0.73/0.90

78.16/0.77/0.92

81.84/0.81/0.93