An epistatic interaction between pre-natal smoke exposure and socioeconomic status has a significant impact on bronchodilator drug response in African American youth with asthma

Table 1 Study Participant Demographics

				ViSEN	Descriptive Statistics
Categorical Variable		BDR Responders	BDR Non-Responders	p-value¹	p-value²
Sample Size, N		118	115	–	–
Sex (% Female)		42%	42%	1.00	1.00
Age, yrs. (Mean, [SE])		(14, [0.346])	(14, [0.323])	0.67	0.37³
Body Mass Index	Obese	47	39	0.44	0.42
Body Mass Index	Non-Obese	71	76	0.44	0.42
Experience of Discrimination	Yes	65	49	0.06	0.08
Experience of Discrimination	No	53	66	0.06	0.08
Pre-natal Smoke Exposure	Yes	21	19	0.87	0.93
Pre-natal Smoke Exposure	No	97	96	0.87	0.93
Socioeconomic Status	> Low	81	73	0.41	0.49
Socioeconomic Status	Low	37	42	0.41	0.49
Air Pollution (NO₂)	≥ Median	62	54	0.43	0.47
Air Pollution (NO₂)	< Median	56	61	0.43	0.47
Global African Ancestry	≥ 80%	82	67	0.08	0.10
Global African Ancestry	< 80%	36	48	0.08	0.10

Summary statistics for all phenotypic data included for analysis in this study are presented above. The Bonferroni method was used to correct for multiple testing (threshold for statistical significance: permutation unadj. p ≤ 0.006 (0.05/8 tests)). P-values represent the significance of the main effects, of specified variables on BDR responder status. ¹p-values calculated from ViSEN’s Mutual Information (MI) Test. MI is a metric that quantifies the reduction in uncertainty about the distribution of one variable given an understanding of the other; ²p-values calculated from the χ² Test of Independence unless otherwise indicated; ³p-values calculated from Wilcoxon Rank Sum test

ISSN: 1756-0381