Fig. 1
From: Novel digital approaches to the assessment of problematic opioid use
Conceptual image illustrating potential sources of POU risk using puzzle pieces. The right puzzle pieces (Medical History Data and Lifetime & Current Psychiatric Disease Comorbidity) represent phenotypes that are usually mined from electronic health records (EHR), clinical notes, or structured assessments/questionnaires. The left puzzle pieces (Digital Footprint and Environmental & Societal Data) represent mostly environmental data that can be obtained from EHR, clinical notes, structured assessments/questionnaires, social media, and biometrics. The middle puzzle piece (Omics Data) represents large-scale genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, and metabolomic data. This piece links the two sides of the image as there are likely synergistic and/or causal relationships with the environment and the greater phenotype