Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Participants Stratified by Gender to develop a machine learning model to identify the TyG-index or AIP scales by clinical questionnaires and oculomics

N

32,122

14,254

17,868

Age, years

45.02±19.30

44.22±19.70

45.65±18.95

<.001

Smoking status, n (%)

<.001

Current

8,397 (26.14%)

6,943 (48.71%)

1,454 (8.14%)

Previous

3,502 (10.90%)

2,963 (20.79%)

539 (3.02%)

Never

20,223 (62.96%)

4,348 (30.50%)

15,875 (88.85%)

Smoking quantities, n (%)

<.001

Less than 5 boxes^a

754 (2.35%)

404 (2.83%)

350 (1.96%)

More than 5 boxes^b

10,993 (34.22%)

9,408 (66.00%)

1,585 (8.87%)

Never

20,375 (63.43%)

4,442 (31.16%)

15,933 (89.17%)

Blood pressure

SBP, mmHg

117.60±17.33

119.84±16.13

115.82±18.03

<.001

DBP, mmHg

75.06±11.07

77.29±10.52

73.28±10.35

<.001

BMI, kg/m2

23.24±3.56

23.49±3.45

23.04±3.64

<.001

BMI category, n (%)

<.001

<18.5 (Underweight)

1,985 (6.18%)

404 (2.83%)

1,235 (6.91%)

18.5-24.9 (Normal)

20,110 (62.61%)

9,408 (66.00%)

11,454 (64.10%)

\(\ge\)25 (Overweight or obesity)

10,027 (31.22%)

4,848 (34.01%)

5,179 (28.98%)

Waist circumference, cm

79.61±10.75

82.35±10.39

77.42±10.52

<.001

Low HDL-C, n (%)

7,224 (22.49%)

4,226 (29.65%)

2,998 (16.78%)

<.001

Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%)

4,848 (15.09%)

2,643 (18.54%)

2,205 (12.34%)

<.001

Morbidities

Hypertension, n (%)

21,912(68.21%)

8,956 (62.83%)

12,956 (72.51%)

<.001

Diabetes, n (%)

27,543 (85.74%)

11,900 (83.49%)

15,643 (87.55%)

<.001

MI, n (%)

3,986 (12.41%)

2,132 (14.96%)

1,854 (10.38%)

<.001

Stroke, n (%)

4,295 (13.37%)

2,270 (15.93%)

2,025 (11.33%)

<.001

Outcome

TyG-index

8.51±0.67

8.64±0.70

8.41±0.63

<.001

AIP

0.34±0.32

0.41±0.33

0.28±0.30

<.001