From: Acoustic and language analysis of speech for suicidal ideation among US veterans
Feature | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
Delta energy entropy (max) | Acoustic (Prosody) | Entropy of energy can be interpreted as a measure of abrupt changes. |
Delta energy (mean) | Acoustic (Prosody) | Dynamic changes in energy relate to the perceptual characteristics of pitch and loudness. |
Energy contour (kurtosis) | Acoustic (Prosody) | The kurtosis of the energy contour for voiced segments. |
Delta F0 (std) | Acoustic (Prosody) | First derivative of the fundamental Frequency. Reduced F0 can indicate low pitch and a flatter voice. |
MFCC5 (max) | Acoustic (MFCC) | 5th MFCC coefficient. It can describe vocal tract changes in voice spectral energy. |
Superlative adverbs | Linguistic (POS) | Use of superlative adverbs (e.g., biggest, hardest, etc.) |
OQ (skewness) | Acoustic (Glottal) | OQ is a measurement of the glottal flow. It can differentiate between a breathy and tense voice. |
Achievement language | Linguistic (LIWC) | Use of agentic language as defined by the LIWC achievement dictionary (words such as win, success, better) |
Delta chroma 2 (min) | Acoustic (Prosody) | A representation of spectral energy. Chroma-based features are also referred to as “pitch class profiles“. |
Proper nouns | Linguistic (POS) | Use of singular proper nouns. |
Delta energy (median) | Acoustic (Prosody) | Dynamic changes in energy relate to the perceptual characteristics of pitch and loudness. |
Delta chroma 1 (median) | Acoustic (Prosody) | A representation of spectral energy. Chroma-based features are also referred to as “pitch class profiles“. |
Delta MFCC5 (max) | Acoustic (MFCC) | The frame-based delta of the 5th MFCC coefficient. It can measure vocal tract changes. |
NAQ (mean) | Acoustic (Glottal) | Average NAQ is a measure of the glottal flow that can differentiate between a breathy and tense voice. |
Possessive pronouns | Linguistic (POS) | Use of possessive pronouns (e.g., my, his, hers) |